KPO Knjiga (Book) Example With a EUR Invoice

Last updated: October 2026. Reflects the Zakon o porezu na dohodak građana ("Sl. glasnik RS", br. 24/2001 … 6/2026 – usklađeni din. izn. i 80/2026), the Pravilnik o poslovnim knjigama i iskazivanju finansijskog rezultata po sistemu prostog knjigovodstva ("Sl. glasnik RS", br. 140/2004 i 44/2018 – dr. zakon) and the Zakon o deviznom poslovanju ("Sl. glasnik RS", br. 62/2006, 31/2011, 119/2012, 139/2014, 30/2018 i 19/2025).

This is a KPO book example: one filled page of the Serbian knjiga o ostvarenom prometu (book of realized turnover), the book every paušalac keeps under ZPDG čl. 43 st. 4. It is not the Croatian KPR, which is a different book under a different law. Every row below is explained.

KPO book example: what does a filled page look like?

A filled KPO page is a table of five columns, one row per invoice, numbered from 1 at the start of the year or at the start of activity (Pravilnik čl. 7 t. 1). Our fictional paušalac, Primer PR, is a translator who registered on 1 September 2026 and sells only services. The business, its clients and the invoice numbers are invented. The EUR rate is real.

One line per column, because the complete guide to the KPO book already defines them in detail:

• Redni broj is the running entry number. The Pravilnik adds that the same number is written in the top right corner of the document the entry is based on, which here means the invoice (čl. 7 t. 1).
• Datum i opis knjiženja holds the date and a short description in one column.
• Columns 3 and 4 split revenue into goods and services. Primer PR sells only services, so column 3 stays empty on every row.
• Ukupno is column 3 plus column 4 for that row.

How do I fill in a row for a domestic invoice?

A domestic invoice in dinars goes in as one row: the next number, the date and a description, and the invoiced amount in column 4 (services) or column 3 (goods), repeated in column 5. Row 1 is exactly that: invoice 1/2026, 60,000.00 RSD for translation work delivered on 15 September 2026. Primer PR issues each invoice on the day the work is delivered, so the service date and the invoice date are the same on every row.

The Pravilnik numbers entries from the start of the year but does not say by which date to order them. Our example orders the rows by service date, as Preduzmi's export does. The Pravilnik also sets no deadline for making the entry. Entering each invoice on the day you issue it simply means the book is never behind.

The description only needs enough to find the invoice: what was sold, the invoice number and its date. What a full invoice must carry is a separate question, covered in what a paušalac's invoice must contain.

How do I enter a EUR invoice in the KPO?

A EUR invoice is converted to dinars before it is entered, at the NBS official middle rate, and only the dinar amount goes into columns 4 and 5. Row 2 is a €2,000 invoice to a client abroad for work delivered on 30 September 2026. The NBS middle rate for that day was 117.5167 RSD per euro (NBS, kursna lista br. 186 of 30.9.2026, checked 31 October 2026). The entry:

€2,000 × 117.5167 = 235,033.40 RSD

There is no column for the euro amount or the rate, so it helps to write both into the description, as row 2 does. When the bank later converts the incoming euros at its own buying rate, the dinar amount on your statement can differ from 235,033.40. That does not change the KPO row. The banking side of the same payment is in how foreign-currency payments reach your account.

Which day's NBS rate do I use?

The law fixes the type of rate but not the day: for bookkeeping, the official middle rate applies (Zakon o deviznom poslovanju čl. 41 st. 2), and no rule we have found tells a paušalac outside the VAT system which day's rate to take. The provision reads: "Za potrebe knjigovodstva i statistike primenjuje se zvanični srednji kurs dinara." That excludes the buying rate, the selling rate and your bank's conversion rate. Applying another rate is a prekršaj: for a preduzetnik the prescribed fine is 150,000 to 500,000 RSD (Zakon o deviznom poslovanju čl. 61 t. 37, as of October 2026). The date is left open, and the KPO rulebook has no conversion rule at all.

In practice, two conventions circulate. Some use the srednji kurs (middle rate) on the datum prometa, the service date. Others use the rate on the invoice date. For Primer PR the two are the same day. Whichever you choose, apply it to every invoice and keep it from year to year.

The payment date does not fit either convention. The payment can arrive weeks after the service, in another month or another year, and the KPO row is made from the issued invoice before any payment exists.

Preduzmi uses the service date, as a convention of the app, not as a legal rule. When you upload an invoice in EUR or USD, the app reads the service date and converts the amount at the NBS middle rate for that date. If the invoice shows no service date, the app falls back to the issue date. When you enter an invoice by hand, the form takes the rate on the service date by default and never on the payment date.

Do unpaid invoices go in the KPO?

Yes. An issued invoice goes into the KPO whether or not the client has paid it. In an answer reported by Biznis i finansije on 27 January 2026 and republished by Paragraf on 29 January 2026, the Poreska uprava counted turnover in the period in which the supply was made, documented by an issued invoice and recorded in the book, "nezavisno od okolnosti da li je i kada realizovana naplata potraživanja po tom osnovu" (regardless of whether and when the invoice is paid). It is an administrative answer, not a binding act; the KPO book guide covers it in more detail.

Row 3 is that case: invoice 3/2026 for 90,000.00 RSD is unpaid at the end of October and sits in the book like any other row. Row 4 is a partial payment. The client paid 20,000 of the 45,000 RSD invoiced, and the row still holds 45,000.00 RSD, because the book has no column for payments. When the rest arrives, there is nothing to enter. Why this makes your KPO total and your bank credits differ, and how to reconcile them invoice by invoice, is in why the KPO and the bank statement disagree.

For the 6,000,000 RSD revenue limit (ZPDG čl. 40 st. 2 t. 4, as of 2026) and what counts toward it, see the guide to the paušal revenue limits.

In Preduzmi, the KPO export takes income invoices with the status Confirmed or Paid, so a confirmed invoice the client has not paid is in it, while drafts and invoices still being processed are left out.

How do I cancel an invoice in the KPO?

The law does not say: the Pravilnik prescribes no correction or storno method for the KPO. Čl. 7, the article on the KPO, describes the columns and the numbering and stops there. Anything you read about the one correct way to cancel a KPO entry is practice, not a rule. That includes our own row 6.

The nearest written rule is in čl. 5 of the same Pravilnik, and it is written for a different book, the PK-1 (poslovna knjiga prihoda i rashoda, the book of income and expenses kept by entrepreneurs on simple bookkeeping). There, in cases such as a price reduction, a storno (correcting) amount is marked by circling it and is subtracted from the column total ("oduzimanjem od zbira"). The word storno appears once more, in čl. 12, the article on commission goods (the KR record), which is not about the KPO either. A paušalac keeping a paper KPO can borrow the PK-1 method by analogy, but it is borrowed, not prescribed.

Rows 5 and 6 show one way to correct: a minus row. Invoice 5/2026 was entered on 16 October for 30,000.00 RSD, and then the client cancelled the order. Instead of crossing out row 5, a new row 6 is added with the next number, a reference to entry 5, and the same amount with a minus sign. The total to date then counts the cancelled work as zero. If the amount was wrong rather than the whole invoice, the same approach would add a storno row for the original and then a new row with the corrected invoice.

Whatever form you choose, three things keep it traceable: the original row stays readable, the correction says which row it corrects, and you keep the document that explains why (the client's cancellation or a corrected invoice).

Preduzmi does not make storno rows. An invoice in the app has no 'cancelled' status. Delete the cancelled invoice 5/2026 and the next export shows neither row 5 nor a storno row; delete an invoice or change its service date, and the numbers of the later rows shift.

What happens at the end of the year?

The one KPO-specific year-end rule is that numbering restarts: the first invoice of 2027 is entry 1 again (Pravilnik čl. 7 t. 1). For Primer PR, an invoice for work delivered on 20 December 2026 is a 2026 row even if the client pays in January 2027.

Totals and formal closing are less clear. Čl. 13 of the Pravilnik requires a total of all money columns under the last entry at the end of the business year, and a signature on the closed books. That article is written for PK-1. Whether its closing and signature sentence also covers the KPO is not settled by the text, and we have found no primary source that settles it. The Pravilnik sets no deadline for closing a KPO.

A total under the last row of the year makes the book easier to read, so the example has one. Treat it as practice.

What does the same page look like in Preduzmi's export?

Preduzmi's KPO export has the same five columns and one row per income invoice with the status Confirmed or Paid, sorted by service date and numbered from 1. Row 2 of our page would read in column 2: 30.09.2026 Prihod od prodaje usluga, Racun 2/2026 od 30.09.2026, the service date first and the issue date second, without the euro amount or the rate, with 235,033.40 in columns 4 and 5 and column 3 empty. What else the export prints and what it leaves out is in the KPO book guide. There is no file to download with this article: the table above is the template, and Preduzmi exports the KPO from your own invoices as PDF or DOCX.

When is Preduzmi the wrong tool for the KPO?

The export puts every amount in column 4, services, and leaves column 3, goods, empty, so if part of your revenue is from goods, you fill column 3 yourself, in a paper book or a spreadsheet. The other cases where the export is not enough on its own are listed in the KPO book guide. Where Preduzmi does fit, bank-statement import, the KPO and the reconciliation between them sit in one tool, and this page is built from your income invoices with the status Confirmed or Paid.

Frequently asked questions

What does a filled KPO book look like for a Serbian paušalac?

It is a table of five columns prescribed by čl. 7 of the Pravilnik o poslovnim knjigama: redni broj (entry number), datum i opis knjiženja (date and description), revenue from goods, revenue from services, and the total of the two. Each issued invoice is one row, numbered from 1 at the start of the year or at the start of activity.

Which NBS exchange rate is used for a EUR invoice in the KPO?

Zakon o deviznom poslovanju čl. 41 st. 2 requires the NBS official middle rate, zvanični srednji kurs, for bookkeeping, but it does not fix the day for a paušalac outside the VAT system. Practice uses the service date or the invoice date, the same for every invoice. For example, €2,000 at 117.5167 for 30 September 2026 is entered as 235,033.40 RSD.

Do unpaid invoices go in the KPO book?

Yes. In an administrative answer reported in the press in January 2026, not a binding act, the Poreska uprava counted turnover in the period in which the supply was made, documented by an issued invoice and recorded in the KPO, regardless of collection. A partial payment changes nothing either, because the KPO holds the invoiced amount.

How do I cancel an invoice in the KPO book?

The Pravilnik o poslovnim knjigama prescribes no correction method for the KPO; its storno rule in čl. 5 is written for the PK-1 book. One practice is a new row with the next number that refers to the cancelled entry and carries the same amount with a minus sign, while the original row stays readable. Preduzmi's export makes no such rows: a deleted invoice simply drops out of the next export.

Does the KPO book have to be closed at the end of the year?

The only KPO-specific year-end rule in the Pravilnik o poslovnim knjigama is that numbering restarts from 1 in the new year. The closing rule in čl. 13 is written for the PK-1 book, and the Pravilnik sets no deadline for closing a KPO. A year total under the last row is practice, not a requirement.

Sources

• Zakon o porezu na dohodak građana (ZPDG) — "Sl. glasnik RS", br. 24/2001 … 6/2026 – usklađeni din. izn. i 80/2026. Čl. 40 st. 2 t. 4 (the 6,000,000 RSD limit, as of 2026), čl. 43 st. 4 (the KPO as the paušalac's only business book). The 80/2026 amendments apply from 1 January 2027 (some from 1 January 2028) and change only čl. 15a, 21v, 21g, 21d and 33a; other provisions are cited as in force in 2026.
• Pravilnik o poslovnim knjigama i iskazivanju finansijskog rezultata po sistemu prostog knjigovodstva — "Sl. glasnik RS", br. 140/2004 i 44/2018 – dr. zakon. Čl. 5 (storno in PK-1), čl. 7 (the KPO columns and numbering), čl. 12 (storno in the KR commission-goods record), čl. 13 (closing PK-1).
• Zakon o deviznom poslovanju — "Sl. glasnik RS", br. 62/2006, 31/2011, 119/2012, 139/2014, 30/2018 i 19/2025. Čl. 41 st. 2 (the official middle rate for bookkeeping), čl. 61 t. 37 (the fine for applying another rate).
• NBS official middle exchange rate — kursna lista br. 186 of 30.9.2026: EUR 117.5167 RSD (checked 31 October 2026).
• Kako se računa limit od 6 miliona dinara za paušalce – po izdatim fakturama ili naplati? — the Poreska uprava's answer as reported by Biznis i finansije (27 January 2026), republished by Paragraf on 29 January 2026.