KPO Knjiga in Serbia: The Paušal Turnover Book

Last updated: October 2026. Reflects the Zakon o porezu na dohodak građana ("Sl. glasnik RS", br. 24/2001 … 6/2026 – usklađeni din. izn. i 80/2026), the Pravilnik o poslovnim knjigama i iskazivanju finansijskog rezultata po sistemu prostog knjigovodstva ("Sl. glasnik RS", br. 140/2004 i 44/2018 – dr. zakon) and the Zakon o poreskom postupku i poreskoj administraciji ("Sl. glasnik RS", br. 80/2002 … 109/2025 i 80/2026).

The KPO book (KPO knjiga; in full, knjiga o ostvarenom prometu paušalno oporezovanih obveznika, the turnover book of flat-rate taxpayers) is the one business book a Serbian paušalac (flat-rate entrepreneur) has to keep. It is not the knjiga prihoda i rashoda (PK-1, the income-and-expense book of simple bookkeeping, prescribed by the same Pravilnik), and it is not the KPR book of a Croatian paušalni obrt, which lives under Croatian rules.

Short answer. Under ZPDG čl. 43 st. 4 a paušalac keeps only the KPO book. Pravilnik čl. 7 gives it five columns: sequence number, date and description of the entry, revenue from products, revenue from services, and their total. It may be kept electronically (čl. 4 st. 1), is certified before the first entry (čl. 4 st. 3) and is stored for at least five years (ZPDG čl. 48). Preduzmi exports it as PDF or DOCX from confirmed and paid income invoices.

What is the KPO book (knjiga o ostvarenom prometu)?

The KPO book is a register of the revenue a paušalac earns from selling products and performing services, one row per business event, in the form the simple-bookkeeping rulebook prescribes.

Two legal texts define it. The Zakon o porezu na dohodak građana (ZPDG) says in čl. 43 st. 4: 'Preduzetnici paušalci dužni su da vode samo poslovnu knjigu o ostvarenom prometu', paušal entrepreneurs are obliged to keep only the turnover book. The Pravilnik o poslovnim knjigama i iskazivanju finansijskog rezultata po sistemu prostog knjigovodstva then fills in the details: its čl. 3 st. 3 prescribes the KPO form, and its čl. 7 says what is recorded in it. There is no separate KPO rulebook. The form is one of the annexes to that Pravilnik.

What the book is not matters as much. There is no expense column, no balance and no profit figure in it. Moreover, your monthly paušal tax and contributions do not come out of it: they are set by the rešenje (the tax decision) of the Poreska uprava (the Tax Administration), and our guide to what a paušalac pays in a year explains where those amounts come from. The KPO records turnover, and turnover is what the paušal ceiling of 6,000,000 RSD (ZPDG čl. 40 st. 2 t. 4, as of 2026) is about. How that limit is counted is a separate question, covered in the guide to revenue limits.

Do I have to keep one, and from which day?

Yes. Every paušalac has to keep the KPO book, because ZPDG čl. 43 st. 4 makes it the one book the law requires of them, and the duty does not depend on how many invoices you issue or on whether your clients are in Serbia or abroad: čl. 43 st. 4 makes no such distinction.

Bank statements do not replace it. A statement shows money arriving, while the book shows turnover you earned, and the two totals differ for legitimate reasons that we go through in why the KPO and the bank statement differ.

The starting point comes from Pravilnik čl. 7. Column 1 numbers each entry 'od početka godine, odnosno od početka obavljanja delatnosti', from the start of the year or from the start of the activity. So the book starts when your activity starts, and the numbering starts again from 1 each year. Before the first entry the rulebook also requires certification (čl. 4 st. 3), which has its own section below.

What about a deadline for each entry? We found no norm that sets one for a paušalac. ZPDG čl. 45 does contain an ordering rule and a 'no later than the next day' deadline for posting income; however, by its own terms it applies to other categories of preduzetnik (sole proprietor; those in čl. 32 st. 3–4), not to paušalci. The Pravilnik's čl. 7 sets no ordering rule beyond the running sequence number either. Advice such as 'enter every invoice within a day or two' is a sensible habit. It is not law.

What goes in each of the five columns?

The KPO book has five columns, all defined in Pravilnik čl. 7, and the table below gives each one with the rulebook's wording, what it means in practice, and what Preduzmi's export puts there.

A few things follow from this.

The date in column 2 is the date of the entry, and the rulebook leaves it at that. Which period a sale belongs to comes from a different place: in an answer published in January 2026 (see the section on unpaid invoices below), the Poreska uprava said turnover belongs to the period in which the supply was made. That is why we use the service date, the datum prometa, in column 2. It is a convention that follows the supply period, not a word the Pravilnik uses.

Amounts are in dinars. For bookkeeping the law prescribes the NBS official middle rate, the zvanični srednji kurs (Zakon o deviznom poslovanju čl. 41 st. 2), so a foreign-currency invoice is converted before it goes into column 3 or 4.

A paušalac who sells only services fills column 4 and leaves column 3 empty. That is exactly what Preduzmi's export does, for every row, which is fine for services and wrong for goods (see the section on when Preduzmi is the wrong tool).

For filled rows, including a EUR invoice converted at a stated rate, see our KPO book example with filled rows.

What stays out of the book

Čl. 7 says the KPO records 'prihodi od prodatih proizvoda i izvršenih usluga', revenue from products sold and services performed. Anything that is not that stays out:

• Expenses. Rent, a laptop, a plane ticket. The book has no column for them.
• Your own money moving. A transfer from the business account to your personal account, or a deposit of your own money into the business account, is not a sale. Our guide on moving money to your personal account covers how such transfers work.
• Loans. Money you borrow is not turnover.
• Income outside the business. A salary from an employer, rent from a flat or investment returns are not revenue of your registered activity.

The working rule: if a row is not revenue from a product you sold or a service you performed in your registered activity, it does not belong in the KPO.

Does the KPO book have to be certified (overa)?

On the text of the rulebook, yes, once, before the first entry. Pravilnik čl. 4 st. 3 says the books under čl. 3 st. 1 and st. 3 (st. 3 being the KPO) 'overavaju se kod nadležnog poreskog organa pre početka knjiženja': they are certified by the competent tax authority before bookkeeping begins.

Three things are worth reading carefully in that sentence. Firstly, it is a before-you-start rule. The rulebook prescribes no annual re-certification, so a claim that you need a newly certified book every January has no basis in the text. Secondly, the sentence does not distinguish a paper book from an electronic one. Thirdly, it says nothing about how the certification is done.

What the Poreska uprava does in practice today is a different matter. Published guidance disagrees on whether and how it is done today, and we have found no primary source that settles current practice either way. Do not assume an annual duty, and do not assume the rule has lapsed. Before you make the first entry, ask your local branch of the Poreska uprava what it expects, and keep their answer together with the book.

Preduzmi does not handle certification. Its export ends with a date line and a signature line (Datum, Potpis obveznika) and nothing else.

Paper or electronic, and how long to keep it?

Both are allowed. Pravilnik čl. 4 st. 1 lets business books be kept bound, in loose leaves, or 'prenete na neki od medijuma automatske ili mikrografske obrade podataka, tako da se po potrebi mogu odštampati ili prikazati na ekranu': transferred to a medium of automatic data processing, so that they can be printed or shown on screen when needed. Čl. 4 st. 2 adds that the pages are numbered.

So a file kept on a computer satisfies the rule as long as it reproduces the prescribed form and can be printed or displayed on request. Nothing in the rulebook requires routine printing.

Where do you get the form? It is printed as an annex to the Pravilnik (čl. 3), so any paper book or file that reproduces those five columns does the job. Preduzmi produces it as PDF or DOCX, with a header that carries your name, PIB (tax identification number), matični broj (registration number), šifra delatnosti (activity code) and, if you have entered it, your account number. The rows do not print the euro amount, the rate or the client's name.

How long to keep it is set by ZPDG čl. 48: 'Poslovne knjige i knjigovodstvene isprave čuvaju se najmanje pet godina od poslednjeg dana poslovne godine na koju se odnose, ako zakonom nije drukčije određeno'. Business books and the documents behind them are kept for at least five years from the last day of the business year they relate to, unless a law provides otherwise. The KPO book for 2026, together with its invoices, is therefore kept at least until 31 December 2031.

One practical note for an electronic book. Preduzmi builds the export from your current invoice data each time you download it, so it does not keep a history of earlier versions. Save the file you treat as the final book for each year.

What happens if the KPO book is missing or wrong?

A missing book can be fined: ZPPPA čl. 178b st. 1–2 sets a fine of 50,000 to 500,000 RSD for a preduzetnik who does not keep or does not store the business books a tax law prescribes (text in force as of the consolidated ZPPPA through "Sl. glasnik RS" br. 80/2026, checked 2026-10-31).

During a tax inspection, ZPPPA čl. 127 st. 2 lets the inspector review your books, records and documentation. For a paušalac, that covers the KPO book and the invoices behind its rows. What a reconciliation between the book and the bank looks like is in our guide to the KPO versus the bank statement.

What about a wrong row rather than a missing book? The figure above is the only one we cite, and it is tied to not keeping or not storing the books. Whether a particular error counts as an offence is a question for an accountant or a tax consultant, not for a general guide. The other consequence of an inaccurate book is quieter: if the book understates turnover, you lose sight of where you stand against the 6,000,000 RSD limit (ZPDG čl. 40 st. 2 t. 4, as of 2026).

How do unpaid, cancelled and foreign-currency invoices go in?

An unpaid invoice goes in, the rulebook prescribes no method for a cancelled one, and a foreign-currency invoice goes in converted to dinars at the NBS official middle rate. Each of the three needs a closer look.

Unpaid invoices

An unpaid invoice still goes in. In an answer published by Biznis i finansije on 27 January 2026 and carried by Paragraf on 29 January 2026, the Poreska uprava said that turnover in a tax period is the income earned in that period, meaning the period in which the supply was made, documented by an issued invoice and recorded in the book, 'nezavisno od okolnosti da li je i kada realizovana naplata potraživanja po tom osnovu': regardless of whether and when the receivable was collected. This is an administrative clarification, not a provision of law, but it is the clearest statement on the point we have found. A client who pays in January does not move a December service into the new year, and a partial payment changes nothing, because the row keeps the invoiced amount.

Preduzmi follows the same logic. Its export includes every income invoice with the status Confirmed or Paid, so a confirmed invoice that has not been paid yet is in the book. Drafts and any other invoices that are not confirmed are left out, and before the download the app warns you: 'There are {count} non-confirmed issued (income) invoices for this year that will NOT appear in the KPO.'

Cancelled invoices

The rulebook prescribes no correction method for the KPO: the word storno appears in the Pravilnik only for the PK-1 book (čl. 5) and the KR commission-goods record (čl. 12), so 'never edit an entry, always add a negative storno line' is a practice, not a KPO rule. Preduzmi has no 'cancelled' status and makes no storno rows; if you delete or change an invoice, the next export shows the new data and the rows after it are renumbered. One way to record a cancellation, marked as practice, is in the filled KPO book example, and it is worth agreeing the method with your accountant before you need it.

Foreign-currency invoices

The rate type is fixed by law: for bookkeeping, the NBS official middle rate (Zakon o deviznom poslovanju čl. 41 st. 2). Which day's rate applies is not prescribed for a paušalac outside the VAT system, and the Pravilnik has no conversion rule at all. Preduzmi uses the middle rate on the service date as its convention; how that works out on a real EUR row is shown in the filled KPO book example. For invoicing foreign clients see our foreign invoicing guide, and for what the bank does when the money arrives, foreign-currency inflows explained.

When is Preduzmi the wrong tool for the KPO?

Preduzmi's KPO export is built for a paušalac who sells services and invoices in RSD, EUR or USD. On its own it is the wrong tool in the seven cases below.

1. You sell goods. The export puts every amount in column 4, revenue from services, and leaves column 3 empty. If part of your revenue is from products, fill column 3 yourself or with an accountant.
2. You invoice in other currencies. Only RSD, EUR and USD invoices are supported.
3. You are a knjigaš or a DOO. A preduzetnik who pays tax on actual income keeps double-entry books under the accounting law (ZPDG čl. 43 st. 2), and a company (DOO) falls under different accounting rules altogether. Preduzmi is for paušalci.
4. You need corrections recorded as storno rows, or an append-only book. The app makes no storno rows and keeps no record of what changed. For a book that is only ever added to, keep a paper KPO or a spreadsheet with version history.
5. You need the book certified. The app does not do anything about overa. Ask your branch of the Poreska uprava.
6. You need fixed sequence numbers on paper invoices. The export recalculates numbers on every download in service-date order. If you have already written numbers in the top right-hand corner of your invoices and later add an invoice with an earlier service date, the numbers in the next export move. Keep the version that matches your documents.
7. Your case is not routine. A mix of activities, a disputed invoice or a tax inspection is work for an accountant or a tax consultant, not for an export.

Where the app does help is the routine part: you import bank statements (see how to export them from Raiffeisen as XML or Alta Banka as XLS, or any bank as CSV), match them to your invoices, and download the KPO from the same data in one tool. For the line between what the law requires of you and what an accountant adds, read do you need an accountant as a paušalac.

If your invoices are already in Preduzmi, the KPO for any year is a PDF or DOCX download built from your confirmed and paid income invoices.

Frequently asked questions

What is the KPO book in Serbia?

The KPO book, knjiga o ostvarenom prometu paušalno oporezovanih obveznika, is the turnover book that a Serbian paušal entrepreneur must keep. ZPDG čl. 43 st. 4 says paušalci keep only this book, and the Pravilnik on simple bookkeeping prescribes its form (čl. 3 st. 3) and content (čl. 7). It records revenue from products sold and services performed, one row per business event. It is not the PK-1 income-and-expense book of simple bookkeeping, and it has no expense column.

What are the five columns of the KPO book?

Pravilnik čl. 7 sets five columns: 1, the sequence number from the start of the year or of the activity, which is also written in the top right-hand corner of the underlying document; 2, the date and description of the entry; 3, revenue from products sold; 4, revenue from services performed; 5, the total of columns 3 and 4. Amounts are in dinars, converted at the NBS official middle rate for a foreign-currency invoice (Zakon o deviznom poslovanju čl. 41 st. 2).

Does the KPO book have to be certified by the tax office?

The rulebook says yes, once: Pravilnik čl. 4 st. 3 requires the KPO book to be certified by the competent tax authority before bookkeeping begins. It prescribes no annual re-certification and does not distinguish a paper book from an electronic one. Current practice at Poreska uprava branches is not settled by any primary source we have found, so ask your local branch before the first entry and keep their answer with the book.

Can a paušalac keep the KPO book electronically?

Yes. Pravilnik čl. 4 st. 1 allows business books to be kept on a medium of automatic data processing, provided they can be printed or shown on screen when needed, and čl. 4 st. 2 requires numbered pages. A file that reproduces the five prescribed columns and can be produced on request satisfies the rule. The rulebook requires no routine printing.

How long must a paušalac keep the KPO book?

At least five years from the last day of the business year the book relates to, unless another law provides otherwise (ZPDG čl. 48). The same period applies to the invoices and other documents behind the entries. The KPO book for 2026 is therefore kept at least until 31 December 2031. Not keeping or not storing prescribed business books carries a fine of 50,000 to 500,000 RSD for a preduzetnik under ZPPPA čl. 178b, as of October 2026.

Sources

• Zakon o porezu na dohodak građana — čl. 32, 40 st. 2 t. 4, 43 st. 2 and 4, 45 and 48 ("Sl. glasnik RS", br. 24/2001 … 6/2026 – usklađeni din. izn. i 80/2026). The 80/2026 amendments apply from 1 January 2027 (some from 1 January 2028) and change only čl. 15a, 21v, 21g, 21d and 33a; other provisions are cited as in force in 2026.
• Pravilnik o poslovnim knjigama i iskazivanju finansijskog rezultata po sistemu prostog knjigovodstva — čl. 3, 4, 5, 7 and 12, and the annexed forms ("Sl. glasnik RS", br. 140/2004 i 44/2018 – dr. zakon)
• Zakon o poreskom postupku i poreskoj administraciji — čl. 127 st. 2 and čl. 178b st. 1–2 ("Sl. glasnik RS", br. 80/2002 … 109/2025 i 80/2026)
• Zakon o deviznom poslovanju — čl. 41 st. 2 ("Sl. glasnik RS", br. 62/2006, 31/2011, 119/2012, 139/2014, 30/2018 i 19/2025)
• Poreska uprava's answer on how turnover is counted, published 29 January 2026 — carried by Paragraf from Biznis i finansije, 27 January 2026; an administrative clarification, not a provision of law
• Poreska uprava — Preduzetnici paušalci